Kutter distinguishes three levels of group phenomena: a surface of conscious interactions, a deeper level at which the family scene is reproduced in the form of transference and countertransference, and finally, a level involving the trust of the individuals in the group as a whole and on which deep regressions to pre-oedipal stages can take place. According to W. Reich, Lampl-de Groot and Kuiper, the psychoanalytic process begins with contemporary conflicts, retraces individual development up to the oedipal conflicts, and then returns to the contemporary concerns. Similarly, the group therapeutic process passes the three levels, first in descending and then in ascending order. The oedipal enactments of the second level are of particular therapeutic efficacy.