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The above considerations of some clinical and applied psychoanalytic material bearing on the problem of narcissism leads us to the view (1) that narcissistic libidinal organizations and object libidinal organizations are dynamically interdependent; (2) that the so-called higher transformations of narcissism (cosmic narcissism) mask libido regressed to or fixated at pre-oedipal stages of development; and (3) that narcissism, whether in its higher or other forms, has the effect of reducing
the quantity of libido available for object relations and life.