I have attempted to discuss how our understanding of the nature of anxiety in analysis is essentially connected with our understanding of the way in which the patient is using us. Patients, particularly those using primitive defence mechanisms based on splitting and projective identification, will unconsciously attempt to use us to project anxiety into, to collude with them to deny anxiety, etc., and thus to act out with them in various ways in the transference. Patients who are to some extent better integrated, though also often using us to collude with manic and other defences and to carry various parts of their internal world, will, in addition, relate to us more as whole objects and as people to whom they can talk and from whom they can gain understanding.