The treatment of first and second generation patients, having been traumatized by social catastrophes (like German concentration camps), puts a heavy burden on the therapist. To overcome this, the therapist must clearly realize what goes on in himself (countertransference) to avoid unsuitable interpretations and acting out. This counts even more if the therapist himself has undergone social trauma.

Two case studies are included, which illustrate how the author could further the analytic process. Especially with masochistic-regressive patients the analyst has to accept and use his temporary identification.