The developmental history of pathological traits and constellations, specifically their origin in the context of the parent-child relationship, their initially adaptive nature derived from parental valuations as well as the role of identification with the aggressor, has been described. The narcissistic investment of these traits is accounted for by these factors.

With character neurotics, in the first phase of treatment, the analysis of contradictions brings about a state of psychic disequilibrium. The patient, in this process, experiences a loss of self-esteem. This is related to the discovery of the nature of his unconscious motivations, to the painful awareness of his limitations, and the recognition that participation in parental omnipotence is an illusion. These insights result in a temporary narcissistic depression.