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This panel gave a glimpse of what the West might see on looking eastward, conveying an extraordinary vibrancy of developments in Asia, and it was perhaps somewhat surprising to learn how long there has been an acceptance of Freud in different cultures as well as interest in self-reflection, and in some cases long histories of trying to gain recognition by the IPA. The co-moderator, Peter Loewenberg, in introducing the panel, shared his hope that Asia might one day become a fourth region of the IPA, particularly now that the other co-moderator, Maria Teresa Hooke, is Chair of the IPA New Groups Committee. The five panellists, in reviewing the process of becoming recognized by the IPA and considering the interplay of specific socio-cultural factors relevant for each place and time, gave an indication of how different cultural systems are modulated when they meet. In outlining developments in their countries, the speakers often conveyed, subtly, the pain involved in this growth, thus illustrating the congress theme of facing the pain.
Liu Chia-Chang described Taiwan, named beautiful island by Portuguese explorers 400 years ago, as having a high level of diversity of people, languages, cultures and politics, and making recent attempts to nurture diversity in local initiatives in order to develop psychoanalysis while working towards more formal IPA recognition. Liu Chia-Chang made a number of points about cultural aspects interacting with the development of psychoanalysis; for example, in Taiwan psychoanalysis and psychotherapy are