Focusing on the vividness and modernity of Klein's 1936 lectures the author argues that Klein was very aware of the complexity of the transference-situation and the analyst's involvement in it. The Clinical Seminars of 1958 show that the concept of projective identification helped to further clarify her ideas and to anticipate later developments. Nevertheless she remaines sceptical about the counter-transference simply seen as a response to the patient's projections and warned against re-projecting it back into the patient.