The paper offers an original review of the history of psychoanalytic attitudes towards faith and a religious world-view. Initially, it presents a systematic examination of Freud’s approach to religion and faith. It is demonstrated that, contrary to the common understanding of his attitude as one of radical atheism, Freud displayed some ambivalence on this issue. After his death, psychoanalysis as a discipline tended to effect a split: while the psychoanalytic establishment adopted and reinforced the anti-religious stance, a small number of prominent analytic thinkers nurtured the possibility of integrating faith into their practice. In the last decade, changes in social and cultural trends, encouraging spiritual attitudes, will be shown to have permeated into the psychoanalytic mainstream.