Serge Lebovici was one of the most important pioneers in the field of child psychoanalysis in France. In this essay, his biography is carefully described, considering his participation in psychoanalytic organizations, his scientific research, particularly in the field of the early relationships between mothers and infants, and his interest in the work and theories of other pioneers in the field. He was also focused on autism and adolescence and on developing original concepts that enhanced clinical psychoanalysts treatment of children and their families. Serge Lebovici was interested in the treatment of seriously ill children and in training other therapists. With the help of Rene Diatkine, he founded the Center Alfred Binet in District XIII in 1958 to expand the psychoanalytic treatment of children and to train other analysts using an audiovisual system. In his theoretical and clinical work, he successfully integrated the ideas of Anna Freud, Melanie Klein, Donald Winnicott, John Bowlby and others.