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Abstract
Este trabajo se propone reflexionar sobre el concepto de “personalidad de frontera espectral” elaborado por Christopher Bollas (1989), el cual tiene como eje teórico central, las conceptualizaciones desarrolladas por Donald W. Winnicott acerca del objeto y del fenómeno transicional.
La autora señala la importancia primaria de la ausencia en la psicopatología del área transicionalpara lo cual recurre a los planteamientos de Christopher Bollas y André Greenquienes enfocan progresivamente la concepción de lo negativo en los postulados Winnicotteanos, entendidos como una cualidad inherente al funcionamiento psíquico tanto normal como patológico.
La personalidad de frontera espectral corresponde a un tipo particular de psicopatología esquizoide (cercana a lo esquizotípico), caracterizada por presentarse en sujetos que no pueden vivir en el área intermedia del vivienciar, porque en ellos no ha emergido un espacio potencial entre el propio-ser y el otro. Con la ayuda de un ejemplo clínico se intenta ilustrar este funcionamiento mental, y sus repercusiones, tales como la dificultad para sostener una distinción entre realidad e irrealidad, así como para desarrollar la capacidad de fantasear y de simbolizar
The present study is structured according to the questions prompted by the psychoanalytic process of a patient with schizotypal psychopathology. The following clinical vignette of a session displays a patient's psychic constellation and the way in which transference-countertransference phenomena take place in the analytic field.
Christopher Bollas' ideas about what he calls “ghostline personality” are employed to understand the patient's dynamics; in addition, an analysis of the possible etiologies of this personality is conducted, which requires an in-depth consideration of the concept of the “dead mother”, developed by A. Green. Finally, as a conclusion, the text underlines the generative aspects resulting from [the attention paid to] new dimensions of the classical psychoanalytic theory developed by Donald Winnicott, as well as from the theoretical-clinical conceptualizations derived from the fruitful and creative work of Christopher Bollas and André Green.
The starting point for this research was “Clara”, an 8-year-old patient. Clara's life is populated by characters-ghosts, presences inhabiting a space that is neither external nor internal. Sometimes I wonder if they are hallucinations—if it is a delirious space—while at other times, this mental stage becomes more playful, resembling the place occupied by imaginary friends.
Session by session I see myself discovering her world of characters-ghosts with whom we share the office, and to whom we can ascribe a meaning and significance that can be shared and that is coherent with their existential context. Clara clearly lays out how painful and anguishing it is for her to deal with her family's real life, and how the world of specters that she has constructed represents a safe, predictable, and quiet space where she can take refuge.