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I have been surprised that whilst working as a psychiatrist I have been able to find very little literature about the fundamental nature of mental illness. Over time I have resolved this for myself by developing a simple model that helps me, very broadly, to conceptualize why this particular patient, has this particular illness, at this particular time. This model allows me some sense of understanding what can initially seem incomprehensible. It also allows me some therapeutic optimism and helps me to direct expectation for everyone involved.