This paper proposes that being has three dimensions measurable on the axes of cause-effect, theory-practice and universal-particular. The concepts of constant, variable and parameter are given additional nuance using iterations appearing in physics, semiotics, logic and law. Three perspectives emerge: a granular ‘drive’ seeking positive differentiation from societal ‘norms’; an indeterminate ‘drive’ seeking self-gratification through social interaction; and a relational ‘drive’ seeking to advance self-interest by controlling external resources. An organising framework is proposed for defence mechanisms, comprising aversive, diversive and perversive defences. The drives and defensive framework are applied to neuroscience, producing a map of maladaptive drive responses. In the granular drive, it is a fear of being abnormal. First order defences aim to disengage from feelings of inadequacy; second order defences aim at self-repair and self-defence to divert feelings of guilt or shame. In the indeterminate drive, it is alarm at social isolation. First order defences aim to avert the cause of panic; second order defences aim at self-care and self-improvement to divert feelings of isolation. In the relational drive, it is frustration at goals being thwarted. First order defences aim to deny reality; second order responses aim at self-deception and self-modification to promote or enact alternative realities.