Recently, there has been a notable increase in requests for psychological support related to gender identity, fostering a heightened interest in Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming (TGNC) individuals. This trend has spurred the development of various theories, often grounded in binary interpretations of gender, such as biological vs. social and pathological vs. normal.

This article endeavors to transcend reductionist views on gender by advocating for a shift from theoretical models that emphasize the ‘why’ of TGNC identities to models that pivot on the ‘how.’ This transition allows psychoanalysis to embrace a more ‘affirmative’ perspective toward diverse gender identities, thus avoiding stigmatization and pathologization.

Exploring the ‘why’ of gender identity entails regarding gender variance as an ailment necessitating diagnosis and treatment. Conversely, delving into the ‘how’ recognizes gender variance as a facet of human diversity.

For this purpose, contemporary psychoanalytic theories are introduced to explore how various developmental pathways interweave to shape the gender identity and body image of TGNC individuals (‘embodiment’). This examination also analyzes how the environment can either facilitate or hinder the development of a True Gender Self, and how societal pressures impact the mental well-being of TGNC individuals.

Lastly, the article outlines the fundamental tenets of gender-affirmative psychoanalysis.