The article presents an analysis of some little-known papers on religious cults by Hermann Rorschach. The author considers, on the basis of his analysis and his experience as a psychoanalyst and cult-specialist, that Rorschach can be considered the first psychoanalyst and, in fact, the first mental health professional to take an interest in the pathology of cults and their impact on the psychic equilibrium of their devotees. The author also argues that Rorschach developed a particular working method for the analysis of the complex issue of cults. Finally, Rorschach's hypotheses on cults, their current validity and their influence on the understanding of cultic dynamics are discussed.