It is argued that psychoanalytic theory is in an exciting and worthwhile state of unrest. The discussion focuses on a polarization which is increasingly emphasized; namely, that between natural science formulations and subjective-intentional formulations. An additional third point of view attempts an over-arching position that accommodates both positions.

The natural science model is that which has been used in evolving classical metapsychology, framed in terms of deterministically ordered forces, energies and structures analogous to those of Newtonian physics; the subjective-intentional stance has eschewed natural science in favour of explanation based on personal intention and non-deterministic reasons.