Freud's landmark discovery of the fantasy theory of neurosogenesis defined the domain of psychoanalytic inquiry as psychic, in contrast to material reality, resulting in a profound shift in the nature and realm of clinical investigation. Although such technical precepts as—not to reality-test, not to impose one's own perspective, values, or theoretical framework—emphasize the primacy of psychic reality as our clinical purview, analytic listening has betrayed an outlook which

remains steeped in a hierarchical two-reality view. The analyst, even as silent arbiter of whether or not distortion has taken place, whether an event—immediate or past—is fact or fantasy, is in the implicit position of holding the more 'objective' view, incurring the risk thereby of subtly, if not overtly, guiding the patient in accord with this view.