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Chused presents two child and one adolescent analyses in which the analyst's neutrality helped her patients to develop a sense of autonomy and self-esteem. In these cases the patients' development had been compromised by the extreme neediness and lack of true empathy of the primary objects during the practising and rapproachement subphases of separation-individuation. Their primary pre-oedipal objects were intrusive and controlling; they gratified the child in order to be gratified. Much of the children's difficulty in resolving later oedipal conflicts resulted from (1) fear of intimacy based upon the pre-oedipal loss of autonomy in the relationship with the controlling parent or (2) overwhelming anxiety about the separation and loss involved in entry into triangular relations. Related to the separation-individuation problems, the pre-oedipal objects' intrusion and control interfered with appropriate mastery and sublimation of oral and anal drives so that ordinarily autonomous ego functions were instead inhibited and enmeshed in internal conflict or experienced as non-genuine by the child.
As is usually the case in psychoanalysis, the children also used the analyst's neutrality (1) to establish a working, analysing, and observing alliance, and (2) to permit the development, recognition, interpretation, and working through of the transference neurosis. They also used the analyst as a new object so they could carry out 'autonomous practising' that had not been possible earlier.
Chused présente deux analyses d'enfants et une d'un adolescent dans lesquelles la neutralité de l'analyste a aidé les patients à developper un sens d'autonomie et d'estime du moi. Dans ces cas-là le developpement des patients a