When Freud invented the psychoanalytic method, he tried to characterize who would benefit from this procedure and who would not. In subsequent years the criteria for analysability have been a major subject of discussion and dispute, and a large literature on the topic has accrued. Much less attention has been devoted to the question of what kind of treatment is helpful to people who are not suitable for psychoanalysis, and to the question of how to conceptualize such treatment. In the last thirty years there have been numerous panels and papers devoted to the