This paper examines the contribution to the psychoanalytic movement of women who joined it between 1902 and 1930. The context is set by a brief account of the emergence, in three stages, of the institutional structure of the early movement. The strength of the membership, both male and female, is established by the first comprehensive survey of the early psychoanalytic societies. The contribution of women is assessed by estimating their success, or lack of it, in four areas; gaining important institutional positions; theory; clinical work; and professional recognition and personal satisfaction. A high level of success is noted in all these areas. A list of the 133 early women members identified in the survey is included as an Appendix.