The author considers the therapeutic analysis of the student of psychoanalysis as the key to training. Any factor which facilitates and protects

this therapeutic experience, whether it proceeds from analysand or psychoanalyst, will improve analysis and training. Alternatively, any factor which complicates this therapeutic experience obstructs the transmission of analysis. Countertransference is considered the crux of the therapeutic relation; anything which might complicate the countertransference is a risk, and the training situation itself becomes a major factor amongst them. The author suggests two risks, which may appear in any psychoanalytic treatment, but specifically where training is involved: 'as if' and chronic collusion. She describes these defensive systems, and also refers to identification in the treatment and the development of self-analysis, mutual dependence between patient and analyst, the evaluation and termination of the analysis of someone concerned with training, and the post-treatment.