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The topic chosen for this Twentieth Anniversary Meeting of the Academy is difficult for the participating speakers because of subjective biases which are impossible to avoid. I shall use the Chicago scene, which I know best, as a prototype although I have not been successful in presenting my views there. In 1963 I wrote a paper on a psychoanalytical island in Chicago in 1911-1912, the beginning year of the American Psychoanalytic Association. It was rejected by the program committee of the Chicago Psychoanalytic Society because “the issues would not be clear to its membership.” I never could find out despite repeated requests what these issues were, but I published the paper in the Arch. Gen. Psychiat. ( 8, 392-461, 1963). On request of the Editor of the Chicago Annual of Psychoanalysis, I wrote a 62 page historical paper on the Chicago Institute 1911-1975. After being submitted (according to the editor) to 19 reviewers, it was rejected! It was not a romance!
I shall divide my remarks into two categories: the Organizational and the Substantive processes in psychoanalysis. The former may be temporally divided into the later 1950's and the 1960's on one hand and the 1970's on the other because significant and profound changes opened each period. Although these jump-steps