This article represents a daunting, though potentially exciting, investigation that we believe could prove relevant to psychoanalysis. We ask the reader to speculate with us about an integration of new neurophysiological findings that could possibly shed light on the underpinnings of trauma theory and its consequent clinical approach. We are aware that we ask the reader to suspend certainty about some long-embraced views of both traditional psychoanalytic theory and self-psychological theory, and, at the same time, to grapple with biological research that may seem remote from the process of analysis. We hope, however, that you will join us in considering these ideas with the spirit intended by Strenger (1991) when he described “external coherence.” Strenger contended that the usefulness of a given psychoanalytic theory is advanced to the extent that it remains consistent with data derived from other, related scientific disciplines.