Eric Kandel, a psychiatrist, received the Nobel Award in 2000 for his scientific research that is helping to integrate neurobiological functioning with the clinical and anatomical findings of psychiatry and psychoanalysis. As an added bonus, Kandel provides further scientific evidence for Darwin's theory of evolution, since the same neurological functioning in the sea snail, Aplysia, and mice, both of which he studied, exists in mammals. He has made a major contribution in the revolution to put psychiatry and psychoanalysis on a firm scientific footing.

At the last meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in Atlanta, Kandel gave an excellent speech before a large audience. However, he was critical of the lack of scientific interest by psychoanalysts. Even in his book he states that institutes are simply vocational schools teaching therapy and not interested in scholarship or research. After his presentation, I went up and confronted him. I told him that psychoanalysts had been involved in scientific research, even at this very meeting