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In her discussion of the application of analytic technique to the study of the psychic institutions, Anna Freud (1936) defined transference as “all those impulses experienced by the patient in his relation with the analyst which are not newly created by the objective analytic situation but have their source in early—indeed, the very earliest—object relations and are now merely revived under the influence of the repetition compulsion” (p. 18). She identified three types of transference phenomena:
[1] Transference of libidinal impulses … irruptions of the id … [which when interpreted] fill an amnestic gap in the patient's past … [since the patient himself experiences the affective impulse as intrusive] he is quite willing to cooperate with us in our interpretation … [p. 19]. [2] Transference of defense. [Under the dominance of the repetition compulsion in the analytic situation the patient also transfers] id impulses in all those forms of defensive distortion which took shape while he was still in infancy … [p. 19] [and therefore we cannot count on the patient's willing cooperation in the analysis and interpretation]. [3] Acting in the transference.… Now an intensification of the transference may occur, during which for the time being the patient ceases to observe the strict rules of analytic treatment and begins to act out in the behavior of his daily life both the instinctual impulses and the defensive reactions which are embodied in his transferred affects.… the exercise of therapeutic influence upon the relations between id, ego, and superego clearly depend upon the analytic situation … [in which] the activity of the ego institutions is curtailed. As long as the ego continues to function freely or if it makes common cause with the id and simply carries out its behests, there is but little
Acknowledgments. The author wishes to thank the following colleagues for their helpful suggestions and/or clinical material: Drs. Steven J. Ellman, Janet Fisher, Norbert Freedman,
PageAcknowledgments. The author wishes to thank the following colleagues for their helpful suggestions and/or clinical material: Drs. Steven J. Ellman, Janet Fisher, Norbert Freedman,