This is a time of great ferment in psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis now, more than ever, embraces a rather heterogeneous group of theories variously used by analysts of different orientations. Proponents of structural psychology, object relations, self psychology, etc., all have different theories of development, pathogenesis, and modes of therapeutic action. In an era of analytic eclecticism, some analysts combine different theories. Although analysis has shifted away from abstract metapsychology and moved closer to clinical experience, there has,