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The standard histories of American psychoanalysis focus their attention on the origins, growth and development, controversies, schisms and near-schisms of the Societies, Institutes and professional associations that together compose the body of “official” and “unofficial” psychoanalysis in the United States (e.g., Hale, 1995; Kersner, 2000). Indeed, such authors as Eisold (1998) and Frosch (1991) have concentrated their attention on the well-known fissions in the New York Psychoanalytic Institute as exemplars of broader tendencies in the field, and Kersner has made much of those Institutes that have succeeded in avoiding splits (e.g., Chicago).
The other issue addressed in the standard histories is the changing relationship between psychoanalysis and organized and academic psychiatry. In particular, they show how, in the aftermath of World War II, psychoanalysis came to dominate the field, to the point at