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Recently there have appeared a number of books about the self, a concept that does not appear in Freud or Klein's psychologies; there, the self is associated with the ego. As Ryce-Menuhin points out, it was not until Winnicott and Kohut that psychoanalysis evolved a theory of the self, and even Kohut's influential self-theory is narrow in application when compared with Jung's idea of the self as the unity of the personality as a whole. “The self as a unifying principle within the human psyche occupies the central position of authority in relation to psychological life and, therefore, the destiny of the individual” (Samuels, Shorter and Plaut 1986, A Critical Dictionary of Jungian Analysis). “The self is not only the centre”, Jung writes, “but also the whole circumference which embraces both conscious and unconscious; it is the centre of this totality, just as the ego is the centre of the conscious mind” (C. Jung, Collected Works, 12, para. 444). The Library of Analytical Psychology includes three books about the self: Fordham's The Self and Autism and Explorations Into the Self, and Redfearn's My Self, My Many