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Dailey Pattee & Barry A. Farber
Psychotherapy Research, Taylor and Francis, May 2008, Volume 18 (3): 306–15
This study examined the effects of gender and gender role identification on 223 patients' experiences of self-disclosure in psychotherapy. Factor analysis of the Disclosure-to-Therapist Inventory-IV revealed two dimensions: a distress factor, reflecting the perceived difficulty and the anticipated impact of disclosures on the therapist, and an openness factor, reflecting the extent and perceived importance of disclosures and the interpersonal connection experienced during them. Female patients working with female therapists experienced greater distress in disclosure than male patients working with female therapists; in addition, patients with more flexible gender role identifications (i.e., androgynous) experienced greater openness than those with more traditional gender identifications. Findings suggest a need for greater discussion in therapy of the effects of gender on disclosure.
Joanne M. Hall
Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Taylor and Francis, June 2008, Volume 29 (6): 555–65
Girls who act like boys are called ‘tomboys’. This is an exploration using feminist guiding principles, about what ‘tomboyism’ means to children and how adults around them construct it. The purpose is to examine tomboyism from literary, linguistic, historical and cultural perspectives. The exploration includes a review of selected scientific sources, children's and some adult literature, and conversations with adult women who recall their tomboyism from youth and how it now affects them as adults.
Glenn I. Roisman, Andrew W. Collins, Alan L. Sroufe & Byron Egeland
Attachment & Hum