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Over the past decade, there has been an explosion of reviews of early childhood prevention program research (Barnett, 1995; St. Pierre, Layzer, and Barnes, 1995; Hertzman and Wiens, 1996; Bryant and Maxwell, 1997; Durlak and Wells, 1997; Karoly et al., 1998; Webster-Stratton and Taylor, 2001; Mrazek and Brown, 2002). These reviews generally report that few prevention program evaluations have been adequately designed, particularly those for children under age five (Webster-Stratton and Taylor, 2001; Mrazek and Brown, 2002). Most programs have not been evaluated at all, however, or the evaluations are so seriously flawed that no meaningful conclusions can be drawn. This review is based on chapter 3 of a systematic review of the evidence for childhood and adolescent interventions commissioned by the English Department of Health (Fonagy et al., 2000). It covers the trial literature to 2001-2002, and the methodology of the search is described in a published report (Fonagy et al., 2002).