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The aim of this study was to adapt the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ) into Persian and to test the mediating role of Reflective Functioning (RF) in the relationship between attachment to parents and internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. 369 adolescents completed a Persian-translation of the RFQ, the Relationship Structures questionnaire of the Experiences in Close Relationships Revised (ECR-RS), a battery of scales that assess constructs related to RF, and the Youth Self Report questionnaire (YSR). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor model consisting of certainty and uncertainty about mental states. Construct validity was examined by the correlation between RFQ and related constructs and maladaptive psychological functioning. Structural equation modeling showed that uncertainty and certainty about mental states both mediated the positive relationship between attachment anxiety and internalizing and externalizing problems. This mediating effect was not found in the relationship between attachment avoidance and internalizing or externalizing problems. These findings provide support for the notion that the Persian-translation of the RFQ can be an applicable and reliable tool to assess RF in non-clinical adolescents. In conclusion, this questionnaire represents a valid measure for Persian-speaking clinicians and researchers.