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Psychiatric medication plays an important role in the treatment of many neurodivergent individuals. Indeed, in systematic reviews approximately half of patients with autism spectrum and intellectual disabilities disorder are treated with pharmacotherapy. It is important for therapists to gain a basic familiarity with the types of medications prescribed, the reasons for their use, plus both the benefits and risks of these treatments. In addition, patients often have strong emotional responses to their medications, which can complicate both their treatment and their adjustment to their neuropsychological challenges. This article will review the most common medications used to treat neurodivergent children and adults, their target symptoms, efficacy and known side effects. We will also explore the socio-emotional aspects of psychopharmacology, including patients’ and families’ fears and fantasies about medication and the challenges and benefits of collaborating with psychiatrists. This chapter will also consider the “transference” that patients can develop to their medication, the exploration of which can be central to their treatment.