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, author of The Present Question (1947) and Man in his Relationships (1955), introduces his new book with a remarkable story. He showed, he tells us, the material of one patient (Joan, the subject of Part III of this work) to another patient and also handed him a quotation by C. G. Jung (p. 3). The patient expressed some annoyance, it seems, but, while Westman discussed both Joan's pictures and Jung's words with the patient on subsequent occasions, the transference and counter-transference implications of the action are never once mentioned and, one gathers, were not taken up or in any way acknowledged at the time. There may have been good reasons for this, but we are left guessing at what the author's intentions were. We are emphatically told that, in analysis, “there is no occasion for instruction to the patient; there is no teaching and … no question of doctrinal compliance” (p. 43). Yet we are left in no doubt that Westman does, in fact, hold strong opinions on a variety of issues which he discusses freely and often floridly in this book and quite obviously did discuss with at least one of his patients. Sometimes, in fact, the author is carried away by his didactic fervour and makes statements which are not sufficiently explained and therefore leave the reader somewhat bemused. For instance, he takes St Paul's words “For the good that I would I do not, but the evil which I would not, that I do” as describing “the plight of men when they fail in personality” (p. 20). This implies, it would seem, that they do not apply to all mankind. Again, he assures his readers, with sudden impulsiveness and without any further clarification, that he differs from the “orthodox” Jungian position and does not consider “the shadow and the persona as archetypes (as) they are acquired faculties of the psyche” (p. 39, f.n.)—a statement which does not even quite tally with the remarks made elsewhere (p. 30).