Moreno, M. and Trevi, M. (Rome) ‘Conscio collettivo e inconscio collettivo’ (‘Collective consciousness and the collective unconscious’),  Clin. Psichiat.,  5 (1967).

The concept of collective consciousness is examined from the point of view of the dynamics of the individuation process. The authors refer to the ideas of other analytical psychologists such as Neumann, Henderson, Whitmont, Jacobi and Fordham and also quote Baudouin's comparison of Freud's concept of the superego with that of Jung's persona. They posit a dynamic function of the ego as a mediating centre between the opposing forces of collective values and archetypal activity. This was Jung's suggestion in ‘The relations between the ego and the unconscious’ and also appeared in Freud's structural theory in which the ego has a similar function.

Collective cultural values are then discussed in detail, and the authors propose five bi-polar structures which they found characteristic in the individuation process of their male patients. Both in their title and in the discussion they do not make explicit that Jung in his later work, as Freud had already done in his structural theory, made clear that pressures to adapt to collective values function ‘unbewusst’ as much as ‘bewusst’, and this applies also to ego activity. The authors suggest the term ‘dis-individuation’ when the equilibrium of an individuated self is disturbed, and point out refreshingly that individuation followed by dis-individuation is a never ending life process, and not a goal of final maturation.