The theme of the International Congress in 1977 was ‘Methods of treatment in relation to the psychology of C. G. Jung.’ In his presidential address, Carotenuto expresses his concern that the papers to be given pay more attention to methods of treatment than to relating these to theory. In 1938 Jung pointed out that different theoretical opinions among psychotherapists did not prevent their analytic practice and procedures being similar. Carotenuto says that the same holds good today in respect of all schools which base their practice on the hypothesis of the unconscious. However, all schools of depth psychology remain the object of continuing criticism for their failure to weld practice with theory. Admittedly, depth psychologists being practitioners, they cannot be expected to be naturally inclined