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André Haynal is a Hungarian-born psychoanalyst practising in Switzerland. His book could be appealing to Jungians in that analytical psychology is a discipline stemming from an original split—Jung's from Freud—followed by a departure from the main road of psychoanalysis, whereas there were other controversies which did not give rise to a split, notably that between Freud and Sandor Ferenczi. The force behind that original split between Jung and Freud—related, I suspect, to a primitive anxiety about co-existing with another—has probably remained like a thorn in the shadow of analytical psychology, or perhaps rather a stimulus to free thinking. Ferenczi's insights remained within a common psychoanalytic pool, available for development by other young psychoanalysts, notably Balint and the Budapest School.
Chapter 1 contains a discussion of Freud's views on clinical technique. In summary: the analyst should adopt a neutral, non-active, surgeon-like attitude and serve as a mirror on to which the patient can project his hidden conflicts; his interventions should be restricted to interpretations of transference and resistance. Rules are useful mainly for beginners. In time, every analyst develops his own technique. Countertransference should be kept in check. But Freud's ‘official’ position differed from his practice in that he also formed a personal, non-technical relationship with his patients, in some instances perhaps reflecting an acting-out of his countertransference. In later years, he regarded transference as a ‘playground’ or an intermediary region between illness and real life, and countertransference as an instrument for—rather than a hindrance to—the analyst.
In Chapter 2, the author describes Ferenczi's interest in technical experiments, deriving from his wish to cure patients rather than to pursue the theoretical. A wide rift with Freud ensued. Transference for Ferenczi included every element of a session. He explored the analyst's role and—most criticised by F