Psychoanalysis has been much vilified recently as a form of abuse of patients by analysts who are seen to be adhering rigidly to Freud's nineteenth-century theories of instinctual drives and who dominate and traumatize their patients by interpreting their experiences in these terms. If only such critics would read articles such as this one by James Fosshage, they might begin to understand the diversity and complexity of modern psychoanalytic theory, particularly as it relates to the conscious and unconscious interaction between analyst and analysand in the transference and countertransference, and how far removed