Europe's Many Souls is the seventh book in the series edited by Thomas Singer entitled Analytical Psychology and Contemporary Culture. Following introductory chapters from Singer and Rasche, contributions by sixteen authors continue the exploration of their concept of ‘cultural complexes’. Cultural complexes were originally defined by Singer and Kimbles as in many respects similar to individual complexes: autonomous, operating outside conscious awareness, accumulating emotionally charged experiences and tending to be ‘bipolar, so that when they are activated, the group ego or the individual ego of a group member becomes identified with one part of the unconscious cultural complex, while the other part is projected out onto the suitable hook’ (Singer and Kimbles 2004, p. 6). As Rasche remarks ‘when we talk about cultural complexes, we are also talking about identity, at least