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This volume of the Monograph Series of the Kris Study Group of the New York Psychoanalytic Institute contains the two cited papers. Alterations in Defenses During Psychoanalysis presents
The principal ideas concerning the fate of defenses in the course of psychoanalysis that emerged from the work of a Section of [the Group]: What psychoanalysts call “a defense” is not a thing. It is an aspect of mental functioning that can be defined only by its purpose, in this case, to ward off a dangerous instinctual or supergo derivative …. The same … ego functions that serve instinctual gratification under one set of circumstances are used as defenses at other times. [In psychoanalysis, if effective,] … it is the need for a defensive posture … that has lessened or disappeared, not the means that are used for this purpose [pp. 20-22].
The other study, Aspects of Psychoanalytic Intervention, explicates interpretation and other interventions in
three corresponding fields of observation: (1) the viewpoint of general psychological theory; (2) the viewpoint of clinical effectiveness; (3) the viewpoint of the psychoanalytic situation and process. [The third viewpoint involves the need to consider] the criteria by which the responses of the patient are judged. The focus of this study is upon those responses which are in the direction of development of the psychoanlytic process and, from this view, may be arranged in an approximate hierarchy: recognition, recall, integration, and analytic insight [pp. 91-93].