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The profession of psychoanalysis is very young indeed. With the publication of Studies On Hysteria in 1895, Freud launched the seminal thoughts on what was to become the body of knowledge that we know to be psychoanalysis. It was only in 1924 that the first institute began in Berlin. Thus, psychoanalytic training in an institute is that much younger. That first institute had not lasted as long as our Center before the events of the 1930s and the rise of Nazism created a climate that made impossible psychoanalytic training and any similar profession that might explore inner freedom and choice.
The first faculties and psychoanalysts were forced by the times to flee their homelands and seek refuge in other parts of the world. Many made their way to America and sought professional positions in its cities. These European analysts of the first and second generation were primarily a product of the philosophical base of the International Psycho-analytic Association. They were cosmopolitan intellectuals promoting a new science that they believed had political, social, and therapeutic relevance for the world (Jacoby, 1983). And, for the most part, they concurred with Freud's position that no one academic background was prerequisite to training in psychoanalysis. What they found here, however, was a rigid training and association environment that allowed only medical doctors to train and practice, and an intense medicalization and inflexible professionalization of psychoanalysis.