This paper presents a brief historical overview of the modern psychoanalytic model for supervision. Commentaries and case material illustrating how supervisors think and work are also included. The salient features of the model which Hyman Spotnitz started developing in the mid-forties are: (1) It is experiential and closely allied to the clinical model, in that the supervisor treats the supervisee as he would have the supervisee treat the patient; (2) Primary attention is given to working with the resistances of the supervisee to understanding and working with the case; (3) The supervisor works analytically using the same techniques that apply when doing treatment; (4) The supervisor assumes responsibility for creating an accepting, non-critical environment, and for conducting the case; and (5) The study of countertransference and countertransference resistance is considered the royal road to understanding both supervisee and patient.