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Melanie Klein was born in Vienna in 1882 and had brief analyses with Sandor Ferenczi in Budapest and with Karl Abraham in Berlin. In 1925 she was invited by Ernest Jones to give lectures in England and in 1926 to settle in this country, where she gradually gained adherents and developed new psychoanalytic ideas, although she strongly asserted her loyalty to the work of Freud and Abraham. She died in England in 1960. She is usually credited with introducing the concept of projective identification, although other analysts mentioned it in passing before her.
Wilfred Bion further developed Klein's and his own seminal ideas, especially, in the case of projective identification, in distinguishing between psychotic and normal modes of projective identification.
Herbert Rosenfeld was born in Germany but came to Britain in the 1930s where he was analysed by Melanie Klein and became well known particularly for his innovative work in understanding psychotic patients. In the paper reprinted in this book, he helpfully describes several different types of projective identification in psychotic patients.
Betty Joseph has been awarded the Mary Sigourney award for outstanding contributions to psychoanalysis. She is renowned for her interest in psychoanalytic technique, and in particular for her understanding of the expression of projective identification in the analyst– patient relationship.