Psychoanalytic and scientific conceptions of unconscious processes are reconverging. This commentary on Heather Berlin's Target Article, “The Neural Basis of the Dynamic Unconscious,” discusses the current status of the study of the neural substrates of cognitive, affective, and motivational dimensions of unconscious processes. The current research is contextualized with some thoughts on the historical tensions between psychoanalytic and academic models of the mind. Recommendations for advancing both psychoanalytic and neuroscientific investigations of unconscious processes are proposed, with a focus on psychopathology and psychoanalytic treatments and processes in different types of pathological personality structures.