The case of a 35-year-old man who suffered a stroke involving a region of the pons is examined. On the night he was hospitalized, he had a dream, which could be interpreted as representing what was happening at the level of the neural structures. During a course of group analysis with the authors, a chain of associations linking this dream, other dreams, and the patient's account of his own experiences revealed the link between the representations of the man's inner world and the vicissitudes of his personal life. As the neurological damage appeared to have diminished after several years, the authors hypothesize that the “remembering, repeating, and working-through” involved in the psychoanalytic pathway not only can restore emotional equilibrium, but also—by retracing the neuronal maps that link thoughts and emotions—may enable the biological damage to be reduced.