In the first part of my commentary on Myron Hofer's target article, I cite additional research findings that support Hofer's evolutionary perspective on development, including evidence of interaction between environment and gene expression in relation to disorganized attachment, social behavior, neuroticism, and alcohol consumption. In the second part of my commentary, I express skepticism that the findings reported by Hofer provide support for psychoanalytic theory and suggest that they should be seen as challenges to psychoanalytic formulations.