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Linda A.W. Brakel et al. have developed a formal, non-verbal index of primary and secondary process mentation independent of the psychoanalytic clinical method, the GeoCat, and Ariane Bazan has made improvements to the original instrument, resulting into the GeoCat 1.3. The GeoCat is a forced-choice measure contrasting two types of similarity between geometrical figures. One of the two target figures consists of the same components as the master figure but in a different configuration; because this target figure is similar to the master figure in an “attributional” way, it is called the “ATT” figure. By drawing on associative operations to attain perceptual identity, ATT choices are proposed to index primary process mentation. The other target figure is made up of different components, but these are arranged in the same configuration; as this target figure is similar to the master figure in a configurational or “relational” way, it is called the “REL” figure. Configurational similarity is only accessible through spatiotemporal orientation, and therefore REL is thought to index secondary process mentation. Accumulating research on the validity of the GeoCat 1.3 shows good psychometric qualities, including internal consistency, inter-list variability, and both construct and convergent validity, with preliminary data showing high correlations with projective instruments. Even if the GeoCat does not deliver the rich clinical materials produced by projective tools, its easy inclusion in diagnostic assessment produces important, sometimes surprising, indications. As a research tool, it has proven pivotal in a variety of studies, from fundamental metapsychology and psychopathology to psychotherapy research.