In his seminar on ethics Jacques Lacan suggests there exists a ‘filiation or cultural paternity’ between Freudian psychoanalysis and a ‘new direction of thought’ that starts with Luther's conceptualization of God's eternal hate of man, and is then further continued in Calvinism. In this article this thesis is explored. The author argues that there is not only a familiarity between the Protestant doctrines of predestination and Freud's reconstruction of prehistoric events and primal scenes, but also that Lacan's views on conscience formation and his elaborations of the complexity of moral decisions resembles Calvinist thought on civil and spiritual conscience, and the longing for restoration of a lost image of God.