The authors attempt to clarify the diagnosis of schizophrenia in childhood by comparing the behavior of four schizophrenic and ten schizoid patients with the behavior of 124 miscellaneous problem children. They find that the schizoid and schizophrenic group is characterized by eight behavior traits which were seldom prominent among the other children. In the order of importance these traits are: seclusiveness, bizarre behavior, regressive nature of personal interests, sensitivity to criticism, irritability, daydreaming, diminution of interests and physical inactivity. No history material is given on any case, the entire emphasis being on the patient's behavior while in a psychiatric hospital. The case material is so scanty that it leaves the diagnosis open to question in several instances and the paper is written from a purely descriptive point of view.