The psychiatric program in the national emergency for selecting those fit for service in the armed forces can be a case-finding mechanism for the improvement of civilian mental health. The writer proposes that those who are rejected because of mental conditions have psychiatric assistance through the community to make a better adjustment to civilian life. A wider application of psychiatric concepts to the employment and placement of workers is advocated. The improvement of a difficult or neurotic home situation is not an individual problem; it is important as well for the efficiency of a worker and his associates. Readjustment to civilian life after the demobilization will be a most serious problem which psychiatry can help to solve. Suggestions are made for the improvement of mental hospitals, for public education by psychiatrists, and for the promotion of a new concept of preventive psychiatry.