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Freud1 described the attitude of patient to physician in hypnotic treatment as passive-masochistic and as representing the reliving of an attitude once experienced towards a father. The hypnotist evokes this reaction because, through his rapport with the patient, he can make effective use of suggestion. Suggestion, therefore, implies a masochistic reaction of varying degree on the part of the patient. The hypnotic rapport has a similarity to the transference relationship in analysis.2 We might conclude that Freud has tacitly implied that, to the extent to which the element of suggestion is present in both hypnosis and analysis, there exists in both the possibility of a masochistic reaction. In the writer's opinion, the potentiality for masochistic reaction in analysis lies not only in the transference, but also in the actual relationship between patient and analyst which is created by the therapeutic situation. The actual relationship is here to be distinguished from transference. In order to make this distinction clear, let us turn our attention first to the transference.
In his Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria3 Freud lays the basis for our understanding of the transference: 'What are transferences? They are new editions or facsimiles of the tendencies and fantasies which are aroused and made conscious during the progress of the analysis; but they have this peculiarity which is characteristic for their species, that they replace some earlier person by the person of the physician. To put it another way; a whole series of psychological experiences are