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Repetition is a descriptive term which comprises various kinds of repetitive behavior. Some of them may clinically be characterized as forcibly persistent, highly impulsive, or 'compulsive' repetitions. A grouping of repetitive behavior patterns may be based on descriptive or explanatory principles or on both. In accordance with Hartmann we distinguish between (1) response repetition (similar reactions to similar stimuli); (2) pleasurable repetition (of what is pleasurable in itself or leads to pleasurable results); (3) tension repetition (of the undischarged); (4) routine repetition (routine behavior, e.g., habits) and (5) fixation repetition, a term, which as a result of the discussion presented here, may replace Hartmann's 'repetition due to an unassimilated trauma'.
The term repetition compulsion, though sometimes mistakenly used in a descriptive sense, is a purely explanatory conception. It aims at explaining certain 'compulsive' repetitions by the assumed tendency of the instincts to surrender to the formative influence of overwhelmingly intense, powerful, 'traumatic' impressions, whether pleasurable or painful.